In this article, the author reflects on the nature of the Indian social protection system and its limitations. He describes two lenses through which the government views its population to fulfil its welfare role: One, by way of regulating employment relationship with a view to protecting workers from arbitrariness and exploitation by employers; and two, by way of reaching out to the poor through in-kind transfers. Pointing out their shortcomings, he argues in favour of a basic income system, which views people as empowered citizens.